Rare womb infections linked to autism, intellectual disability in Swedish study
Congenital TORCH infections raise autism risk threefold and intellectual disability risk sevenfold, though they remain rare.
What to know
- Children with congenital TORCH infections (cytomegalovirus, rubella, toxoplasma, herpesvirus) are 3x more likely to develop autism and 7x+ more likely to develop intellectual disability compared to uninfected peers, with severe cases showing 30x elevated risk.
- Despite high relative risks, the infections remain rare enough to account for only 0.034% of autism cases and 1.2% of severe intellectual disability cases in Sweden's population.
- Sibling comparisons in the study strengthened causation evidence by ruling out shared familial factors, indicating the infections themselves drive the elevated neurodevelopmental risk.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) comprised nearly half of all TORCH infections; an accompanying editorial urges passage of the bipartisan Stop CMV Act of 2025 to increase prevention efforts.
“With TORCH infections, however, the association remained when the research team compared siblings. That provides much stronger evidence that the infection itself can contribute to autism and intellectual disability.”
Reneé Gardner, Researcher, Karolinska Institute · MedPage Today ↗ · Sep 21
Reneé Gardner Researcher, Karolinska InstituteHugo Sjöqvist Lead author and PhD student, Karolinska InstituteMark Schleiss Editorialist, University of Minnesota
How it unfolded 3 developments, newest first · click a bar or a number to jump articlesposts
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Major medical outlets report study findings
Euronews, The Times, The Telegraph, Medical Xpress, and other outlets disseminated the study across multiple platforms, bringing the research to broader medical and general audiences.
“Our findings suggest that TORCH infections may represent a rare example of perinatal environmental risk factors, providing evidence toward a consistent association with autism and intellectual disability.”
— Gardner and colleagues, Study authors · source -
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DATE: September 23, 2026 at 09:11AM SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY MIND-BRAIN FEED TITLE: Rare pregnancy infections may triple the risk of autism URL: https://www. sciencedaily.com/releases/2026 /09/260922005653.htm A major Swedish study of 3.7 million people has found that rare TORCH infections passed from a pregnant woman to the fetus are linked to much…
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“Researchers from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet found that babies born with congenital TORCH infections were about three times more likely to later be diagnosed with autism compared with children who were not infected.” # isogg # epigenetics # DNA # TORCH # autism https://www. newsweek.com/scientists-tracke…
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Editorial calls for increased CMV prevention emphasis
Mark Schleiss, University of Minnesota, issued an accompanying editorial to the study highlighting that nearly half of TORCH infections were cytomegalovirus (CMV) and urging higher public health emphasis, noting awareness of CMV risks is 'disturbingly low' and recommending passage of the bipartisan Stop CMV Act of 2025.
“CMV should receive higher public health emphasis as a preventable cause of intellectual disability and ASDs -- and a major step forward would be realized by passage of the bipartisan Stop CMV Act of 2025.”
— Mark Schleiss, University of Minnesota -
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Study finds academic performance impacts even without formal diagnoses
Researchers observed lower academic performance in children who had TORCH infections but had not been diagnosed with autism or intellectual disability, suggesting broader neurodevelopmental effects. No clear links emerged to ADHD or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
“It is important to emphasise that it is unusual for these infections to be transmitted from mother to child. They account for a very small proportion of all cases of autism in the population, but for those children who are actually affected, we see a clearly elevated risk of both autism and intellectual disability.”
— Reneé Gardner, Researcher, Karolinska Institute · source -
background
Study details relative risks and population impact — Children with congenital TORCH infections showed approximately 3x higher autism risk and 7x+ higher intellectual disability risk; severe to profound intellectual disability risk reached 30x higher. Despite high relative risks, the infections account for only 0.034% of all autism cases and roughly 1.2% of severe intellectual disability cases in Sweden.
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background
Karolinska Institute publishes TORCH infection study in JAMA Pediatrics — Researchers analyzing nearly 3.7 million Swedish births found children with congenital TORCH infections had markedly elevated risks of autism and intellectual disability, with the strongest evidence coming from sibling comparisons that ruled out shared familial factors.
Also covered reported alongside — the timeline has no entry for these yet
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first by ScienceDaily, 15h ago · also MedPage Today
1 more headline
- Rare Congenital TORCH Infections Tied to Greater Autism Risk in Kids MedPage Today · 15h ago
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first by Medical Xpress, 2d ago · also The Telegraph
1 more headline
- Herpes and rubella in pregnancy linked to autism The Telegraph · 2d ago
and 4 smaller pieces